The United States and Finland signed a memorandum on technology cooperation in Washington on October 29. It covers artificial intelligence and connectivity, quantum technologies, energy, space, biotechnology, defense research, research and industrial security, as well as Arctic technologies and shipbuilding. The memorandum takes effect after the final signature.
The countries plan to develop and deploy trusted 5G and 6G networks, artificial intelligence and telecommunications technologies, promote standards jointly and support the export of technology solutions. In quantum technology, they intend to pursue joint research, develop manufacturing supply chains and commercialize technologies.
Energy cooperation includes small modular nuclear reactors, geothermal energy, fusion technologies, energy storage and critical minerals. In space, the parties plan to advance scientific and commercial projects, including possible cooperation in future Artemis missions to the lunar surface.
In the Arctic, the countries plan to expand cooperation on ice navigation, maritime domain awareness, cold-weather testing and icebreaker modernization. Under the ICE Pact, the United States intends to modernize its icebreaker fleet, drawing on Finnish expertise to design, build and deliver next-generation Arctic Security Cutters. The parties will also explore shipbuilding cooperation and the development of satellite and underwater communications in the Arctic.
The memorandum provides for joint defense research and pilot projects, biomedical and biotechnology development, and measures to protect research and industry. These include sharing information about threats, vetting research organizations and partners, and protecting intellectual property.
The document creates no legal obligations, does not change existing agreements and does not require either party to spend funds. Cooperation must comply with national laws and international obligations. Either party may end the memorandum by giving written notice; termination is expected 180 days after the notice is delivered.
